If a site like the BioMedia Project has them archived, then you can for sure download them. But if I understand correctly, you need to make sure that you have an older version of Flash Player that does not have the 2020 "kill switch" in it. See this for more info on the "kill switch" from Adobe themselves. I'm not sure how easy it is to come across such a version from a trusted source, i.e. that won't give you malware or whatever, so a couple of other options to consider are listed below. As a disclaimer, I have not tried any of these yet, just read a bit about them.
Using BlueMaxima's Flashpoint. This will work into 2021 and beyond. Some of your above questions are addressed near the top of their extended FAQ.
Using some of the open-source players/emulators listed here. At a glance, LightSpark looks like it might be the most promising option presently, and Ruffle the most promising option in the long term.